Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan: What Is Happening and How to Help

Sudan is facing one of the world’s worst humanitarian catastrophes. More than two years of civil war have displaced over 14 million people from their homes and resulted in extreme hunger and the spread of preventable disease, including cholera and measles. Fighting continues to result in death, destruction of essential infrastructure, and lost livelihoods for families across the country.

Who is Fighting?

The war broke out in April 2023 between two previously aligned factions of the military—specifically the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The conflict has been further marred by sexual and gender-based violence, and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network—which monitors and classifies food security conditions around the world—has confirmed famine in parts of North Darfur, while also reporting that at least 20 million people across the country will need humanitarian food assistance this year

What is Mutual Aid?

  • Providing hot meals in community kitchens;

  • Supporting the daily operations of health centers and hospitals;

  • Maintaining and repairing critical infrastructure, such as water wells and pumps;

  • Providing psychosocial and financial support to survivors of gender-based violence;

  • Evacuating civilians from areas of intense fighting; and

  • Facilitating the reception of displaced people into host communities.

Mutual Aid is based on a concept called nafeer, which means “collective action” in Arabic. Building on a long cultural history of social solidarity, Sudanese volunteers—predominantly young people—have banded together in groups often called Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) to provide life-saving aid within their communities, including by:

These ERRs have had a profoundly impactful effect, reaching areas previously inaccessible to traditional humanitarian agencies. They are identifying needs, reporting on the crisis, and delivering much-needed aid. Their local knowledge and relationships provide operational advantages in challenging environments, and their decentralized structure allows for context-specific decisions and real-time adaptation to ever-changing security conditions. This unique approach ensures both effective and accountable distribution of aid.

Over the past two years, Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) have expanded across Sudan, responding to crises with speed, trust, and deep local knowledge. Yet despite their impact, ERRs have received less than 1% of international humanitarian funding. As foreign assistance dwindles—especially from major donors like the United States—the need to invest in grassroots, community-led response has never been more urgent.

The Mutual Aid Sudan Coalition is stepping in to fill this gap, putting mutual aid leaders at the center of crisis response. Through flexible funding, technical training, and advocacy, the Coalition is reshaping how aid is delivered—by local people, for local needs.

Join the Movement to Support Sudanese Families

If you’re looking for a real, direct way of helping Sudan, this is it. Stand with us. Stand with the people refusing to give up.

Donate to Sudan today.